David Griffiths
Somali refugees in Tower Hamlets: clanship and new identities [Abstract]

John Leman
Undocumented migrants in Brussels: diversity and the anthropology of illegality [Abstract]

Angeles Escrivá
Control, composition and character of new migrations to south-west Europe: the case of Peruvian women in Barcelona [Abstract]

Jeroen Doomernik
Adaptation strategies among Soviet Jewish immigrants in Berlin [Abstract]

Geoffrey Short
The role of the Holocaust in antiracist education: a view from the United Kingdom [Abstract]

Stephen Simpson
Demography and ethnicity: case studies from Bradford [Abstract]

Iren Gabrity Molnar
The sociology of migration from the former Yugoslavia
(New Community Vol. 23 No. 1: 109-122)

Yiu Man Chan and Christine Chan
The Chinese in Britain
(New Community Vol. 23 No. 1: 123-131)

Michael Banton
Paul Gordon Lauren, Power and Prejudice: The Politics and Diplomacy of Racial Discrimination, 2nd ed.

Roger Zegers de Beijl
Benjamin P. Bowser (Ed.), Racism and Anti-Racism in World Perspective

August Gächter
Heinz Fassmann and Rainer Münz, Einwanderungsland Österreich? Historische Migrationsmuster, aktuelle Trend und politische Maßnahmen

Shamit Saggar
Andrew Geddes, The Politics of Immigration and Race

Rakesh Bhanot
Herman Gray, Watching Race: Television and the Struggle for ‘Blackness’

Lia van Doorn
Gerard Daly, Homeless: Policies, strategies, and lives on the street

Karin Geuijen
Renata Jambresic Kirin and Maja Povrzanovic (Eds), War, Exile Everyday Life: Cultural Perspectives

Khalid Koser
Wayne A. Cornelius, Philip L. Martin and James F. Hollifield (Eds), Controlling Immigration: A Global Perspective

Leo Lucassen
Derek Hawes and Barbara Perez, The Gypsy and the State: The Ethnic Cleansing of British Society, 2^nd ed.

Philip Nanton
Huw Thomas and Vijay Krishnarayan (Eds), Race Equality and Planning: Policies and Procedures

Jørgen S. Nielsen
Ron Geaves, Sectarian Influences within Islam in Britain, with reference to the concepts of ‘ummah’ and ‘community’

Chris Quispel
Obie Clayton, Jr. (Ed.), An American Dilemma Revisited: Race Relations in a Changing World

Yu Zhou
Paul Ong, Edna Bonacich and Lucie Cheng, The New Asian Immigration in Los Angeles and Global Restructuring

John Crowley
Bell Hooks, Outlaw Culture: Resisting Representations

Somali refugees in Tower Hamlets: clanship and new identities
David Griffiths

Abstract Recent research in London's East End (El-Solh 1991, 1993) has stressed the role of clanship as the main basis of social relations amongst Somalis living in Tower Hamlets. This claim can be seen to be problematic on several counts. Clanship is typically analysed as a traditional feature of social structure, an objective system of social relations and kinship obligations which are often divisive in nature. A particular focus here is the way in which the crisis at home feeds into the social identities of Somalis in the diaspora. The need to reformulate the Somali 'imagined identity', particularly acute in the context of social and political dissolution in Somalia, is compounded in the case of Somali refugees. In this sense clanship, as an element of 'traditional' social structure, can be regarded as a focal point for renegotiation of identity for those living in exile. This article argues that these processes are closely related to a series of localised responses, including changes in the role of the elders in the community and shifts in gender relations. The specificity of refugee adaptation is stressed, with a particular focus on the co-existence of tradition and innovation in relation to the interpretation of clanship and the emergence of new collective and individual identities.

(New Community Vol. 23 No. 1: 5-24, © Carfax Publishing Ltd.)

Undocumented migrants in Brussels: diversity and the anthropology of illegality
John Leman

Abstract This article reveals undocumented migrants to be highly heterogeneous in terms of their origins, the way in which they enter the country, their work and the structure of their family life. This is demonstrated by examining the situation in Brussels in the first half of the 1990s. A distinction is drawn between forms of ‘migrant residence illegality’ and ‘migrant employment illegality’. The context is set with the help of a brief outline of the situation in the regions of origin of four important groups of ‘illegal workers’ – North-East Poland, Medellin (Columbia), the Philippines and Nigeria. The concrete experiences and structures of day-to-day life in clandestine circles in Brussels are then described, including the orientation towards work, money and the employer-employee relationship, the absence of host country administration and housing and leisure. The quest for an anthropological rationale – an anthropology of illegality in the case of ‘migrant employment illegals’ – leads to the mediating role played by the established churches. These are shown not only to be institutions of social reception but also – and in certain cases above all – the guardians of ethnic and community self-esteem. The cult of the ethno-religious gives substance to a homeland that has never really been left behind and reinforces the distance between the undocumented migrants and the host country.

(New Community Vol. 23 No. 1: 25-41, © Carfax Publishing Ltd.)

Control, composition and character of new migrations to south-west Europe: the case of Peruvian women in Barcelona
Angeles Escrivá

Abstract There is increasing evidence that Spain, like some of its neighbours in the south-west of Europe, is becoming a country of immigration. Barcelona, the capital of the federal region of Catalonia, has received a large number of internal migrants throughout the twentieth century, and this has occasioned some cultural conflict. The current foreign immigration brings with it the issue of newcomers’ legal status. Increasing undocumented migration has become a barrier to the successful socio-economic integration of migrants, and has contributed to the formation of a dual labour market. There have been some attempts to reduce this problem, among them the implementation of, a Spanish quota system in 1993. This was particularly successful in regularising migrant women working as domestic servants in Barcelona. Peruvian women hence enjoy a number of legal advantages because of the nature of the economic activity they perform, and also because of the preferential administrative treatment they receive as a result of the 1985 ‘foreigner's law', which reflects the common history of Spain and its colonies. This quota system, combined with structural factors in the country of origin and the existence of firm personal networks among female kin members, means that recent Peruvian migration flows to Spain are increasingly dominated by women. The gender composition of the Peruvian migrant community in Spain is likely to become more balanced in future through family reunion.

(New Community Vol. 23 No. 1: 43-57, © Carfax Publishing Ltd.)

Adaptation strategies among Soviet Jewish immigrants in Berlin
Jeroen Doomernik

Abstract Since 1990 considerable numbers of Jewish emigrants have resettled in Germany, predominantly in Berlin. Under certain, not very stringent, conditions, persons with Jewish ancestry receive full refugee status and are entitled to all associated practical and financial assistance. Research reveals different categories of immigrants to have markedly different ways of dealing with their new surroundings and the support offered by German institutions. Some conform to the expectations of the German authorities and the Jewish Community whereas others show more or less deviant behaviour. The present article examines these different strategies from the dual perspective of the immigrant's habitus and capital on the one hand, and the German context on the other. It is concluded that four types of immigrants may be discerned.

(New Community Vol. 23 No. 1: 59-73, © Carfax Publishing Ltd.)

The role of the Holocaust in antiracist education: a view from the United Kingdom
Geoffrey Short

Abstract The failure of antiracist educators in the United Kingdom to engage seriously with the issue of anti-Semitism provides the background to this article. With specific reference to the Holocaust, it argues that a lack of interest among antiracists in how the subject is taught has had a number of adverse consequences. These include the forfeiture of a potent vehicle for reinforcing and advancing the aims of antiracism and the loss of the unique contribution that a study of the Holocaust can make to an understanding of racism. Lack of interest in the Holocaust has also meant that inadequate consideration has been given to the consequences for antiracist education of the subject being taught badly. To obviate these drawbacks, the article advocates a definition of racism that can embrace anti-Semitism and thereby facilitate the involvement of antiracists in teaching about the attempted annihilation of European Jewry.

(New Community Vol. 23 No. 1: 75-88, © Carfax Publishing Ltd.)

Demography and ethnicity: case studies from Bradford
Stephen Simpson

Abstract Demographic analysis with an ethnic group dimension has a reputation for crude assumptions, and interpretation which is of more relevance to governmental politics of immigration policy than to the reality of Europe's diverse communities. The analyses presented here suggest a different, positive potential for ethnic or racial demography. In a large local district with diverse cultures and many languages, demographic work has supported the development of race relations policy and improved the understanding of both local and national government. In one example, an analysis of sex-ratios among school children quantifies how the concern of parents for appropriate schooling for their daughters led 500 Muslim girls to be missing from Bradford schools. In a second example, proof of the extent of international marriages in Bradford helped to save specific government funding to support the schooling of children with a mother tongue other than English. While the origin of nationally standardised ethnic categories may be confused and not directed at a single useful aim, they have in these contexts been essential. The demographic patterns that indicate social trends are often so distinct that they are apparent from secondary analysis of existing data sources.