Roger Waldinger and Joel Perlmann
Second generations: past, present, future [Abstract]

Rainer Münz and Ralf Ulrich
Germany and its immigrants: a socio-demographic analysis [Abstract]

Steven Fielding and Andrew Geddes
The British Labour Party and 'ethnic entryism': participation, integration and the party context [Abstract]

F.L. Jones
Recent trends in labour market disadvantage among immigrants in Australia [Abstract]

Ahmet Akgündüz
Migration to and from Turkey, 1783–1960: types, numbers and ethno-religious dimensions [Abstract]

John Mattausch
From subjects to citizens: British ‘East African Asians’ [Abstract]

Monder Ram
Enterprise support and ethnic minority firms [Abstract]

Russell King, Theodoros Iosifides and Lenio Myrivili
A migrant's story: from Albania to Athens [Abstract]

Jonathan M. Thomas
Job aspirations and ethnic minority unemployment in the UK: is there a connection?
(Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies Vol. 24 No. 1: 189-196)

Rosalind Edwards
A critical examination of the use of interpreters in the qualitative research process
(Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies Vol. 24 No. 1: 197-208)

Michael Banton
European policy report
(Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies Vol. 24 No. 1: 209-216)

Michael Banton
Ryszard Cholewinski, Migrant Workers in International Human Rights Law: Their Protection in Countries of Employment

Haim Rosen
David Kessler, The Falashas: A Short History of the Ethiopian Jews (3^rd revised edition with new preface and afterword)

Adrian Favell
Emek M. Uçarer and Donald J. Puchala (Eds.), Immigration into Western Societies: Problems and Policies

Harry Goulbourne
Kenan Malik, The Meaning of Race: Race, History and Culture in Western Society

Adeel Khan
Ishtiaq Ahmed, State, Nation and Ethnicity in Contemporary South Asia

David Griffiths
Mohamed H. Kahin, Educating Somali Children in Britain

Cristiano Codagnone
Valery Tishkov, Ethnicity, Nationalism and Conflict in and after the Soviet Union: The Mind Aflame

John Fulton
David W. Southern, John LaFarge and the Limits of Catholic Interracialism, 1911–1963

Colin Richmond
Jonathan Boyarin, Thinking in Jewish

Adrian Favell
Riva Kastoryano, La France, l’Allemagne & leurs immigrés: négocier l’identité

Joanne van der Leun
Hilary Metcalf, Tariq Modood and Satnam Virdee, Asian Self-Employment: The Interaction of Culture and Economics in England
Pyong Gap Min, Caught in the Middle: Korean Communities in New York and Los Angeles

Chris Quispel
Paula E. Pfeffer, A. Philip Randolph, Pioneer of the Civil Rights Movement

Maykel Verkuyten
Richard Jenkins, Rethinking Ethnicity: Arguments and Explorations

Julia Sudbury
Benjamin P. Bowser and Raymond G. Hunt (Eds.), Impacts of Racism on White Americans

Joanne van Selm-Thorburn
Philip Muus (Ed.), Exclusion and Inclusion of Refugees in Contemporary Europe

Second generations: past, present, future
Roger Waldinger and Joel Perlmann

Abstract The emerging US scholarship on the ‘new second generation’ has begun on a note of inflected pessimism; the prevailing approaches forecast a future of ‘second generation decline’ or ‘segmented assimilation’. This article takes a doubting, if friendly, look at these influential hypotheses. We begin with a review of the basis approach, outlining the logic of argument, and specifying the central contentions. We then head towards the past, in search of material that will illuminate both the parallels and points of distinction between the immigrant children who grew up in the first half of the twentieth century and those who will move into adulthood during the century to come. Last, we return to the present, inquiring both into the characteristics of those children of immigrants who might find themselves at risk, and the precise source of any such peril.

(Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies Vol. 24 No. 1: 5-24, © 1998 Taylor & Francis Ltd.)

The British Labour Party and 'ethnic entryism': participation, integration and the party context
Steven Fielding and Andrew Geddes

Abstract Concern has been expressed by some members of the British Labour Party about certain instances of increased membership by people of Asian origin. They imagine them to be a form of 'ethnic entryism', designed to unduly influence the selection of parliamentary candidates. This allegation has elicited the response that such claims are another example of Labour Party racism. In this article, tensions arising from such localised increases in Labour membership are examined and compared with reactions to Irish participants in the Party earlier in the twentieth century. These responses are assessed in light of perspectives developed within the influential notion that British politics has been 'racialised'. It is argued that these viewpoints need to be at least supplemented by an appraisal of Labour's own institutional context. Undoubtedly, notions which foreground racism contribute something to a comprehension of the Party's attitude to contemporary ethnic minority political participation. Nonetheless, it is suggested here, responses to 'ethnic entryism' cannot be adequately understood with sole reference to the concept of racialisation.

(Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies Vol. 24 No. 1: 57-72, © 1998 Taylor & Francis Ltd.)

Recent trends in labour market disadvantage among immigrants in Australia
F. L. Jones

Abstract Most assessments of immigrant adaptation to the institutions of Australian society and its labour market are cautiously optimistic. While immigrants, especially those from non-English-speaking background, do suffer initial economic disadvantage, their position improves with the passage of time. There is, moreover, little evidence that the Australian-born children of immigrants suffer continuing disadvantage. These optimistic assessments are based mainly on evidence from the period preceding the emergence of sustained, high unemployment that prevailed during the 1980s and into the 1990s. I use pooled data from the Public Use Samples for the 1981 and 1991 Censuses of Australia to assess changes in relative advantage and disadvantage over time. The data show that, over this period, some immigrant groups fared worse with respect to the risk of unemployment. As for their chances of entering the highest occupational class, they benefited along with other Australians from the expansion of professional and managerial jobs, an outcome exaggerated by the loss of many manufacturing jobs due to cuts in tariff protection and trade liberalisation (policies that also increased measured unemployment and hidden unemployment). With respect to occupational earnings, workers suffered a general decline in real weekly incomes, immigrants and native-born alike. However, many immigrant workers continued to earn significantly less than comparable native-born workers, with little evidence of economic convergence over the course of their working lives.

(Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies Vol. 24 No. 1: 73-95, © 1998 Taylor & Francis Ltd.)

Migration to and from Turkey, 1783–1960: types, numbers and ethno-religious dimensions
Ahmet Akgündüz

Abstract Migratory movements to and from Turkey during the period between 1783 and 1960 are analysed by grouping them under two headings: non-economic migrations and economic migrations. The size, ethno-religious composition and causes of each movement are considered. The article pays special attention to the mass economic migration from Turkey (the Ottoman Empire) to North and South America. Turks were represented in very small numbers in this migration given that they constituted the largest group within the Ottoman population. An examination of particular features of the incorporation of Turkey (the Ottoman Empire) into the Europe-centred world economy, and ethno-religious, ideological and cultural aspects of the relations between the Ottoman Empire and the West goes some way towards providing an explanation. The article also considers whether there is any continuity or relationship between the migrations of the pre-1960 period and the post-1960 labour migration to Western Europe.

(Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies Vol. 24 No. 1: 97-120, © 1998 Taylor & Francis Ltd.)

From subjects to citizens: British ‘East African Asians’
John Mattausch

Abstract In the 25 years since their expulsion the Uganda Asian refugees, in concert with earlier arrivals from East Africa, have made remarkable economic and cultural progress to become one of Britain's wealthiest minority ethnic communities with a strong cultural presence. The majority of the refugees and migrants are Gujaratis, a people with whom the British have shared a joint history spanning four centuries and three continents.

In this article, I trace this joint history in Gujarat and East and Central Africa, laying emphasis upon the social consequences of the military imperialisms that, for some seven centuries, rendered Gujaratis subjects of foreign powers. It is argued that, as political subjects, certain Gujarati groups were able to prosper economically whilst retaining their cultural traditions. This historically evolved socioeconomic pattern finds expression in the Gujarati 'merchant ideology'. It is suggested that in contemporary Britain East African Asians are no longer political subjects but, for the first time, prosperous and successful citizens of the country in which they live. This transition from subjects to citizens may have disruptive repercussions upon their culture, challenges which are most likely to be met by the rising generations.

(Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies Vol. 24 No. 1: 121-141, © 1998 Taylor & Francis Ltd.)

Enterprise support and ethnic minority firms
Monder Ram

Abstract Encouraging ethnic minority communities into business has been an implicit feature of the small firm policy agenda since the 1980s. However, comparatively little is known of the views of those directly involved in providing enterprise development support. This subject is addressed here through a study on the experiences of those engaged in the ‘front-line’ provision of such support to ethnic enterprise. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 22 key informants in four British cities – Birmingham, Liverpool, London and Manchester – data relating to organisational objectives, funding, service delivery, and networking, are presented. The results highlight significant constraints upon the delivery of effective enterprise support. First, there was a lack of basic data on the make-up of local ethnic minority firms. Second, the rationale for interventions was often unclear; were they to promote competitive advantage, economic development or equality of opportunity? Third, the funding regimes of support agencies generated what was seen as unhealthy competition, and militated against effective networking. Fourth, ‘effectiveness’ was often equated with meeting contractual requirements rather than business needs. Finally, many officers perceived themselves as marginal in comparison with better resourced ‘mainstream’ providers.

(Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies Vol. 24 No. 1: 143-158, © 1998 Taylor & Francis Ltd.)

A migrant's story: from Albania to Athens
Russell King, Theodoros Iosifides and Lenio Myrivili

Abstract This article uses a brief autobiographical account of one migrant's journey from Albania to Athens as a heuristic device to open up a series of debates about key features of Albanian emigration to Greece. Since 1990 Albania has witnessed the exodus of around a tenth of its population, mostly to Greece. By picking out key phrases from the story of Christos, the migrant, the following themes are discussed: Albania's selective memory of earlier migrations; the circumstances surrounding the mass departures of the early 1990s; migration and the question of ethnic Greeks in southern Albania; the logistics of crossing the Greek–Albanian border clandestinely; the 'image' of Albanian immigrants held by Greeks; Greek policies of border control and deportation; the alleged tendency of Albanians towards criminality in Greece; Albanians' reaction to Greek life; employment and related issues of pay, working conditions and discrimination; Albanians' illegal status in Greece; and finally Greek policy, or rather non-policy, towards immigration.