Ethnobarometer Working Paper 2

Ethnobarometer Programme Working Paper No. 2:
New Migration and Migration Politics in Post-Soviet Russia

Contents

Introduction

Part 1	New Migration in the 1990s: a Critical Overview
1.1	Data
1.2	A Typology of Migration Flows
1.3	Migration between Russia and the Old Abroad
1.3.1	Emigration to the Old Abroad
1.3.2	Immigration from the Old Abroad

Table 1	Components of population changes in Russia, 1986–1996
Table 2	USSR migratory balance, 1961–1990
Table 3	Emigration from Russia to the old abroad by main destinations, 1988–1996
Table 4	Number of foreign workers employed in Russia under contract-labour agreements, 1994–1995

1.4	Migration between Russia and the ‘New Abroad’
1.4.1	Forced Migration
1.4.2	Post-Soviet Repatriation
Brief Historical Excursus
Russian Repatriation
1.4.3	Migration To and From Russia of Other Nationalities

Table 5	Number of persons registered by the Russian Federal Migration Service as ‘forced migrants’ and/or ‘refugees’, by country of origin, 1992–1996
Table 6	Migration between Russia and the new abroad
Table 7	Percentage of Russians over the total population of Soviet Republics, 1926–1989
Table 8	Soviet inter-republican net migration, 1961–1989
Table 9	Russians in the other Soviet Republics: census data, 1989
Table 10	Net migration of Russians to and from the new abroad by republic, 1990–1996 (000s)
Table 11	Ratio of Russian net outmigration by republic, 1990–1996
Table 12	Net migration of other nationalities of the former USSR in and out of Russia, 1990–1996
Table 13	Immigration of other nationalities of the former USSR to Russia by area of origin, 1993–1996

1.5	Internal Russian Migration
Summary

Table 14	Overview of Russian internal migration, 1990–1996
Table 15	Components of net migration to and from urban and rural areas of Russia, 1990–1996 (000s)
Table 16	Net migration by macro-districts of Russia, 1993–1996
Table 17	Net migration rate by macro-district of Russia, 1978–1996 (average annual net migration per 10,000 population)

Part 2	Legislation, Policy and Politics: the Making of the Migration Field
2.1	Legislation
2.1.1	Entering the International Community
2.1.2	Migration Legislation: Forced Migrants and Refugees
2.1.3	Citizenship and Residence: Bureaucratic Obstacles and Regional Variations

2.2	Institutional Framework
2.2.1	Governmental and Parliamentary Bodies
2.2.2	NGOs and Migrant Associations
2.2.3	International Organisations

2.3	The Politics of the Russian Diaspora
2.3.1	Who are the Compatriots in the Near Abroad?
2.3.2	The Rights of Compatriots: to Return or to Stay?

Table 18	Individuals of non-Russian nationality considering Russian their mother tongue, 1989
Table 19	Federal Migration Program funding (in roubles), 1995

2.4	Undocumented Migration from the Old Abroad
2.5	The Russian Far East and the ‘Chinese Threat’

Summary
Conclusions

References